Key Factors Shaping Future Trends in Global Economy and Finance

Abstract

This study investigates the key factors shaping the future of the global economy and finance, focusing on digital technology, geopolitical dynamics, the international role of currencies, climate change, population aging, and structural transformation. Despite extensive research on these individual factors, a knowledge gap remains in understanding their combined impact on global financial systems. Using a qualitative research approach, data was collected from academic articles, financial reports, and global economic studies, followed by thematic synthesis and analysis. The findings reveal that the rapid adoption of financial technologies, shifting geopolitical landscapes, and pressing sustainability challenges are driving significant changes in global finance. The results suggest that while emerging technologies and a multipolar monetary system offer new opportunities, they also pose risks to economic stability. This study highlights the need for further research into regulatory frameworks, climate-related financial risks, and demographic shifts, with critical implications for policy development and global economic governance.