Ensuring Employment Guarantees for Members of Parliament And Senators After their Term of Office: A Comparative Analysis of Uzbekistan’s Legal Framework
Keywords:
Parliamentary privileges, employment guarantees, legislative reform, UzbekistanAbstract
This article examines the employment guarantees provided to members of the Legislative Chamber and Senate of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) in Uzbekistan after their term concludes. Drawing on comparative legal analysis, it assesses the legal necessity of such guarantees, contrasting them with legislative frameworks in the United States, Germany, Finland, and Kazakhstan. The article identifies systemic challenges, including reduced parliamentary accountability, fiscal inefficiency, and constitutional conflicts with principles of labor equality. It concludes with legislative reform proposals to realign Uzbekistan’s practices with democratic norms and enhance institutional credibility.
References
1. Law on the Status of a Deputy of the Legislative Chamber and a Member of the Senate, art. 16 (Rep. of Uzb. 2004, amended 2024).
2. Labor Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, art. 168(9) (2022).
3. A.W. Bradley & K.D. Ewing, Constitutional and Administrative Law 330 (15th ed. 2021).
4. Stephen Holmes, The Matador’s Cape: America’s Reckless Response to Terror (Cambridge Univ. Press 2006).
5. M. Steven Fish, Democracy Derailed in Russia: The Failure of Open Politics 101–05 (Cambridge Univ. Press 2005).
6. Martin Jones, Parliamentary Accountability in Transitional Democracies 74 (Cambridge Univ. Press 2019).
7. OECD, Public Integrity in Kazakhstan 53–55 (2018).
8. Riccardo Pelizzo & Rick Stapenhurst, Legislative Oversight and Budgeting: A World Perspective 156–58 (World Bank 2014).
9. Joseph Raz, The Authority of Law: Essays on Law and Morality 210–15 (Oxford Univ. Press 1979).
10. Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law 39–44 (Yale Univ. Press 1964).
11. Bernard Manin, The Principles of Representative Government 37–39 (Cambridge Univ. Press 1997).
12. U.S. Const. art. I, § 2.
13. The Federalist No. 57 (James Madison).
14. U.S.C. § 8331 et seq. (Federal Employees Retirement System).
15. Congressional Research Service, Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress (2022).
16. Abgeordnetengesetz [Members of the Bundestag Act], § 20 (Ger.).
17. Bundesverfassungsgericht [BVerfG] [Federal Constitutional Court], Oct. 4, 1994, 91 BVerfGE 262 (Ger.).
18. Bundesverfassungsgericht [BVerfG] [Federal Constitutional Court], 55 BVerfGE 274 (1980) (Ger.).
19. Parliament of Finland, Members’ Benefits and Pension System (2023), https://www.eduskunta.fi/EN.
20. Assemblée nationale, Statut du député (2023), https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr.
21. Conseil Constitutionnel, Décision n° 2011-643 DC (July 28, 2011) (Fr.).
22. House of Commons Canada, Transition Guide for Members (2021), https://www.ourcommons.ca.