The Role of Artificial Intelligence in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Within the Specialties of Law, Medicine, and Geodesy

Abstract

As specialized academic disciplines demand more nuanced communicative competencies in English, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has become essential to professional preparation. Simultaneously, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fundamentally reshaping higher education, offering tools that enable adaptive learning, intelligent feedback, and flexible, data-driven curriculum development. This article examines the impact of AI on ESP instruction within the specialties of law, medicine, and geodesy, drawing on recent scholarly research and practical case studies. The analysis reveals that AI-driven applications enhance pedagogical methods, streamline the creation of customized learning materials, and strengthen discipline-specific communication skills. In turn, this transformation supports more effective learning experiences and promotes readiness for global professional environments. While these advances present significant opportunities—such as increased personalization, improved materials authenticity, and heightened engagement—they also introduce challenges related to ensuring ethical data use, maintaining instructional integrity, and avoiding algorithmic bias. Ultimately, this study provides insights into how AI can be strategically integrated into ESP curricula, fostering more targeted language development and improved professional outcomes.