Leadership Challenges in Tertiary Education in Nigeria and the Way Forward
Abstract
The realization of tertiary education depends on the availability of competent leaders and other resources. Leadership is germane in the development of tertiary education. So, this study examined the leadership challenges in Nigerian tertiary institutions. Depending on secondary data, print materials and online publications were collected for this study. The content analysis and elimination method were adopted to choose the literature that was suitable to the topic and line of the study. After critical review and selection, some pieces of the literature indicated that poor funding, political interferences, inadequate infrastructure facilities, shortage of academic staff, strike action, brain-drain, corruption and insecurity are the major leadership challenges that tertiary institution leaders face. The study also identified low implementation of tertiary education programmes and low extent of attainment of tertiary education goals as the implications of the challenges on the leadership. Based on this, the paper recommended huge investment in tertiary institutions by the federal and state governments. Secondly, capacity building should be organised for leaders in the management of tertiary institutions in Nigeria
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References
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Adetunji, A. T., & Ogunleye, K. A. (2015). The effect of government policies on university
administrators: A review of Nigeria. Ge-International Journal of Management Research
Administration & Leadership.
Ahmed, I. K., & Dantata, B. S. (2016). Problems and Challenges of Policy Implementation for
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https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RHSS/article/viewFile/32141/33029
Asiyai, R, I. (2015). School Administrators Strategies for Combating Corruption in Universities in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning; 4(4), 160-167
Atelhe, G. A., & Akande, B. A. (2018). The Challenges of Implementing Public Policies in
Nigeria: Strategies for Effective Development in the Educational Sector. IOSR Journal
Of Humanities And Social Science 23 (6) Ver. 8 DOI: 10.9790/0837-2306080105
Retrieved from: http://www.academicjournals.org/JEAPS
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Newspaper.
Ayeni, E. O. (2017). Revenue generation and physical infrastructure in Lagos State, 2011-2015. A Quarterly Journal of the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria, January-March, 2017. 55-61.
Ayeni, E. O. (2018). Federalism in the USA: Lesson for Nigeria. Review of Public Administration and Management (ROPAM), 7 (13), 92-99.
Ayeni, E. O., & Sani, K (2021). Democratic governance and the challenges of peacebuilding in Nigeria, 2011-2020. Jalingo Journal of Peace Science and Conflict Management, 1(1), 149-159.
Ayeni, E. O., Doosuur, B. A., & Kefas, M. (2021). Vote buying and post-election peacebuilding in Nigeria, 2014-2019. Hyuku Journal of Politics and Development Studies, 7(1), 112-130
Ayeni, E. O., Sani, K., Idris, A., & Uzoigwe, M.O. (2019). Stomach infrastructure and politics of redistribution in Africa: a study of N-power and vote-buying in Nigeria (2014-2019). Unilorin Journal of Administration and Development, 5(2), 54-61.
Ayeni, E. O., Tusayi, Z.T., Joseph, D & Obatayo, O. T (2018). Failure of Democracy in the Nigeria Fourth Republic: 1999-2016. FUWGESTJ: Journal of the General Studies Unit, Federal University Wukari, 2 (1), 120-127.
Ayeni, E.O., & Ezirim, G.E. (2023). Politics of siting public projects and its developmental effect on host communities in Nigeria 2012-2020. Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development, 4 (1), 225-236
Daniel-Kalio, B. (2019). Policy Implementation and the Challenges of Leadership in Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 12(2), 326-350.
Emiko, (2023) National Assembly Distracting Vice-Chancellors from Performing Their Duties – ASUU President.https://thequesttimes.com/national-assembly-distracting-vice- chancellors-from- per-forming-their-duties-au-president/
Ebehikhalu, N.O. & Dawam P. (2016) Inadequacy of Teaching and Learning Infrastructure: Reason Nigerian Universities cannot Drive Innovations. Australian Journal of Education and Learning Research SCIE Journals
Edet, I. N, Sani K. & Ogunode, N,. J (2023). Tertiary institutions leadership and sustainable development of tertiary education. Analytical Journal of Education and Development 3(10), 282-3023
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National policy on education. 6th ed. Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council.
Godwin, D.T., Ayeni, E.O., & Peter, V.O. (2021). A theoretical discourse of politics and law in Africa: A reflection of the Nigeria State. African Journal of Developmental Integrity and Peace Studies, 2 (1), 103-134.
Guardian Newspaper (2019) 95 per cent of Nigerian graduates are not employable Retrieved from https://guardian.ng/features/education/95-of-nigerian-graduates- are-not- employable-says-don/. May, 2019
Igbal, N, Anwar, S & Haider, N (2015) Effect of leadership style on employees‘ performance.
Arabian journal of business and management 5(5), 1-16
Kurse, K. (2013) What is leadership? Retrieved on 14/11/2016 from
www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2013/04/09/what-is-leadership
Manga, S. D. (2019). “Assessment of causes and forms of insecurity in educational institutions in kebbi state: implications for school administration”, International Journal of Current Research, 11, (10), 7676-7680
Muhammad, F, D., & Mohammed. A. (2019) Analysis of the Effects of Insurgency on Education in North Eastern Nigeria; A Case Study of Yobe State Of Nigeria. Int. J. Innovative
Muhammed, I. B., & Ayeni, E O. (2018). Political leadership in Nigeria: Our National Anthem and National Pledge. In Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 12 (1), 310-324
Nworgu, B. G. (1991). Educational research: Basic issues and methodology. Ibadan: Wisdom
Publisher Ltd. 51-60
Ogunode N. J. (2023). Leadership Styles and School Effectiveness. Excellencia: International
Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Education. 1(4), 102-114
Ogunode, N. J., Ayeni, E. O., & Olorundare, A. S. (2024). Roles of Tertiary Institutions in Curbing Banditry, Kidnapping and Terrorism in Nigeria. International Journal of Sharia Economics and Financial Literacy, 1(1), 19-28.
Ogunode, N.J., Ayeni, E.O., & Ogwuche, J. (2024). Roles of tertiary institutions in curbing corruption in Nigeria. International Journal of Learning Development and Innovation, 1 (1), 32-44.
Ogunode, N. J, Atobauka, I. S &Ayoko, V. O. (2023) University Education Politicization in Nigeria: Implications and Ways Forward. International Journal on Integrated Education 6(1), 1-12
Ogunode, N. J, Haliru, S. Shehu, M. & Peter, T. (2023) Vice Chancellors in Nigerian Public Universities: Roles, Problems and Ways Forward. Modern Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, (15), 12-24.
Ogunode N, J & Musa, A (2022) Political Influence in Administration of Public University Nigeria: Effects and Way Forward. International Journal of Social Science Humanity & Management Research, 01, (01), 35-43
Ogunode, N. J., Ngezack A. C, & Usi C. (2024a). Issues to Urgently Address in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria. International Journal of Human Capital and Innovative Management, 1(1), 17– 32. Retrieved from https://pubjournals.com/IJHCIM/article/view/3
Ogunode, N. J., Cletus, N. A., & Usi. C. (2024). Japa’ Syndrome in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. Excellencia: International Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Education (2994- 9521), 2(1), 216-228. https://doi.org/10.5281/
Ogunode, N.J. (2020a). Administration of Public Universities in Nigeria: Problems and Solutions, Jurnal Sinestesia, 10(2), 98-109.
Ogunode N. J. & Josiah, H.F., Ajape, T. S. (2021) Effects of Corruption on Public Universities Administration in Nigeria. Journal educational discoveries and lifelong. 2(7), 5-18
Ogunode, N. J, Ohunene, L. A, & Olatunde-Aiyedun, T,. G. (2022). A Review of Factors Responsible for High Rate of Financial Corruption in Public Universities in Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 03 (07), 31-44
Ogunode, N., Onyekachi, C. M., & Ayoko, V. O (2023) Investment in University Education in Nigeria: Obstacles and Possible Solutions. Journal of Education, Ethics and Value, 2(1), 1-9.
Ogunode, N,. J. Ezema, O. & Olugbenga, A,. V. (2023). Problems Faced by Academic Leaders in Public Higher Institutions in Nigeria. Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity (6),214- 224
Ogunode, N. J. & Emmanuel, D. (2023). Human Resource Management in University System in Nigeria: Barriers and Possible Solutions. Journal of Innovations in Social Sciences, 3(3), 1-13.
Ogunode, N. J & Garba, A. D (2023) Impact of Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) on Federal Universities‟ Administration in Nigeria. European Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement, 1(2), 1-13.
Ogbondah, L. (2010) Adequate funding of public universities in Nigeria for sustainable development,
Ogunruku, A. O. (2016) Leadership and governance in higher education-challenges and
prospects of developing the next generation of university leaders, academics and
researchers, the management models. Retrieved from:
file:///C:/Users/Dr.%20Prince%20Ololube/Downloads/ayoogunrukuleadership%20and
%20governance.pdf
Ojudu, B. (2012). Leadership and the Challenges of Higher Education in Nigeria. Being the
Fifth Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities, Federal University of
Agriculture, Abeokuta (SSANU FUNAAB) Distinguished Lecture on 31st of October
2012. Retrieved from:https://www.nigerianmuse.com/20121031152131zg/nmprojects/
higher-education-in-nigeria/leadership-and-the-challenges-of-higher-education-
nigeria-by-senator-babafemiojudu/
Okoroma, N. (2006). Educational Policies and Problems of Implementation in Nigeria Article
in Australian Journal of Adult Learning ·Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234652129
Okoli, N. J, Ogbondah, L & Ewor, R. N. (2016) The History and Development of Public Universities in Nigeria Since 1914. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, (2)61-63.
Okpata, F. O., & Udofia, A. N. (2016). Policy somersault: Implications for the Nigerian
economy. International Journal of Social Sciences. 10(2). Retrieved from:
http://socialscienceuniuyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Fidelis-O.-Okpata-and-
Anieti-N.-Udofia.pdf.
Oluremi. O, F. & Oyewole, B. K. (2014). Quality Assurance in Nigerian University Education: The Role of the National Universities Commission (NUC) as a Regulatory Body. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 5(4), 160-169
Otonko, J. (2012) University Education in Nigeria: History, Successes, Failures and the Way Forward. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE), 1(2), 44- 48
Punch (2022). Employment embargo: Shortage of professors hits federal varsities. https://punchng.com/employment-embargo-shortage-of-professors-hits-federal-varsities/ .retrieved on 12-9-2022
Punch (2021) Many Nigerian graduates cannot defend certificates – Afe Babalola https://punchng.com/many-nigerian-graduates-cannot-defend-certificates-are- babalola/
Premium Times (2020) More than half of Nigeria's education budget lost to corruption https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/330104-more-than-half-of-nigerias- education-budget-lost-to-corruption-transparency-international.html
Udida, L. A. , Bassey, U. U. & Udofia, I. U. (2009). System Performance and Sustainability of Higher Education in Nigeria. Paper Presented at the 11th International Conference of Educational Management Association of South Africa (EMASA)
UNESCO, (2014). Teaching and Learning: Achieving Quality for All, 11th EFA Global Monitoring Report. UNESCO Press.
Victor, A.A. & Babatunde, E.G. (2014). Motivation and effective performance of academic staff in Higher Education (Case Study of Adekunle Ajasin University, Ondo State, Nigeria). Online Submission, 1(2), 157-163. 36.
Waheed, A (2023). ASUU Laments Exodus of Lecturers from Public Varsities https://leadership.ng/asuu-laments-exodus-of-lecturers-from-public-varsities/?utm_source021
Adelle, J. (2014). The principals‘ leadership style and teachers‘ performance in secondary
schools of Gambella regional state. Unpublished M.A. Thesis in the Department of Educational Planning and Management, University of Jimaa: Ethiopia.
Adetunji, A. T., & Ogunleye, K. A. (2015). The effect of government policies on university
administrators: A review of Nigeria. Ge-International Journal of Management Research
Administration & Leadership.
Ahmed, I. K., & Dantata, B. S. (2016). Problems and Challenges of Policy Implementation for
National Development Research on Humanities and Social Sciences Vol.6, No.15.
https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/RHSS/article/viewFile/32141/33029
Asiyai, R, I. (2015). School Administrators Strategies for Combating Corruption in Universities in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning; 4(4), 160-167
Atelhe, G. A., & Akande, B. A. (2018). The Challenges of Implementing Public Policies in
Nigeria: Strategies for Effective Development in the Educational Sector. IOSR Journal
Of Humanities And Social Science 23 (6) Ver. 8 DOI: 10.9790/0837-2306080105
Retrieved from: http://www.academicjournals.org/JEAPS
Acho, O. (2012, February 16). EECC and Nigeria’s economic development. Daily Sun
Newspaper.
Ayeni, E. O. (2017). Revenue generation and physical infrastructure in Lagos State, 2011-2015. A Quarterly Journal of the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria, January-March, 2017. 55-61.
Ayeni, E. O. (2018). Federalism in the USA: Lesson for Nigeria. Review of Public Administration and Management (ROPAM), 7 (13), 92-99.
Ayeni, E. O., & Sani, K (2021). Democratic governance and the challenges of peacebuilding in Nigeria, 2011-2020. Jalingo Journal of Peace Science and Conflict Management, 1(1), 149-159.
Ayeni, E. O., Doosuur, B. A., & Kefas, M. (2021). Vote buying and post-election peacebuilding in Nigeria, 2014-2019. Hyuku Journal of Politics and Development Studies, 7(1), 112-130
Ayeni, E. O., Sani, K., Idris, A., & Uzoigwe, M.O. (2019). Stomach infrastructure and politics of redistribution in Africa: a study of N-power and vote-buying in Nigeria (2014-2019). Unilorin Journal of Administration and Development, 5(2), 54-61.
Ayeni, E. O., Tusayi, Z.T., Joseph, D & Obatayo, O. T (2018). Failure of Democracy in the Nigeria Fourth Republic: 1999-2016. FUWGESTJ: Journal of the General Studies Unit, Federal University Wukari, 2 (1), 120-127.
Ayeni, E.O., & Ezirim, G.E. (2023). Politics of siting public projects and its developmental effect on host communities in Nigeria 2012-2020. Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development, 4 (1), 225-236
Daniel-Kalio, B. (2019). Policy Implementation and the Challenges of Leadership in Nigerian Universities. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 12(2), 326-350.
Emiko, (2023) National Assembly Distracting Vice-Chancellors from Performing Their Duties – ASUU President.https://thequesttimes.com/national-assembly-distracting-vice- chancellors-from- per-forming-their-duties-au-president/
Ebehikhalu, N.O. & Dawam P. (2016) Inadequacy of Teaching and Learning Infrastructure: Reason Nigerian Universities cannot Drive Innovations. Australian Journal of Education and Learning Research SCIE Journals
Edet, I. N, Sani K. & Ogunode, N,. J (2023). Tertiary institutions leadership and sustainable development of tertiary education. Analytical Journal of Education and Development 3(10), 282-3023
Federal Republic of Nigeria (2013). National policy on education. 6th ed. Lagos: Nigerian Educational Research and Development Council.
Godwin, D.T., Ayeni, E.O., & Peter, V.O. (2021). A theoretical discourse of politics and law in Africa: A reflection of the Nigeria State. African Journal of Developmental Integrity and Peace Studies, 2 (1), 103-134.
Guardian Newspaper (2019) 95 per cent of Nigerian graduates are not employable Retrieved from https://guardian.ng/features/education/95-of-nigerian-graduates- are-not- employable-says-don/. May, 2019
Igbal, N, Anwar, S & Haider, N (2015) Effect of leadership style on employees‘ performance.
Arabian journal of business and management 5(5), 1-16
Kurse, K. (2013) What is leadership? Retrieved on 14/11/2016 from
www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2013/04/09/what-is-leadership
Manga, S. D. (2019). “Assessment of causes and forms of insecurity in educational institutions in kebbi state: implications for school administration”, International Journal of Current Research, 11, (10), 7676-7680
Muhammad, F, D., & Mohammed. A. (2019) Analysis of the Effects of Insurgency on Education in North Eastern Nigeria; A Case Study of Yobe State Of Nigeria. Int. J. Innovative
Muhammed, I. B., & Ayeni, E O. (2018). Political leadership in Nigeria: Our National Anthem and National Pledge. In Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 12 (1), 310-324
Nworgu, B. G. (1991). Educational research: Basic issues and methodology. Ibadan: Wisdom
Publisher Ltd. 51-60
Ogunode N. J. (2023). Leadership Styles and School Effectiveness. Excellencia: International
Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Education. 1(4), 102-114
Ogunode, N. J., Ayeni, E. O., & Olorundare, A. S. (2024). Roles of Tertiary Institutions in Curbing Banditry, Kidnapping and Terrorism in Nigeria. International Journal of Sharia Economics and Financial Literacy, 1(1), 19-28.
Ogunode, N.J., Ayeni, E.O., & Ogwuche, J. (2024). Roles of tertiary institutions in curbing corruption in Nigeria. International Journal of Learning Development and Innovation, 1 (1), 32-44.
Ogunode, N. J, Atobauka, I. S &Ayoko, V. O. (2023) University Education Politicization in Nigeria: Implications and Ways Forward. International Journal on Integrated Education 6(1), 1-12
Ogunode, N. J, Haliru, S. Shehu, M. & Peter, T. (2023) Vice Chancellors in Nigerian Public Universities: Roles, Problems and Ways Forward. Modern Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, (15), 12-24.
Ogunode N, J & Musa, A (2022) Political Influence in Administration of Public University Nigeria: Effects and Way Forward. International Journal of Social Science Humanity & Management Research, 01, (01), 35-43
Ogunode, N. J., Ngezack A. C, & Usi C. (2024a). Issues to Urgently Address in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria. International Journal of Human Capital and Innovative Management, 1(1), 17– 32. Retrieved from https://pubjournals.com/IJHCIM/article/view/3
Ogunode, N. J., Cletus, N. A., & Usi. C. (2024). Japa’ Syndrome in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions. Excellencia: International Multi-Disciplinary Journal of Education (2994- 9521), 2(1), 216-228. https://doi.org/10.5281/
Ogunode, N.J. (2020a). Administration of Public Universities in Nigeria: Problems and Solutions, Jurnal Sinestesia, 10(2), 98-109.
Ogunode N. J. & Josiah, H.F., Ajape, T. S. (2021) Effects of Corruption on Public Universities Administration in Nigeria. Journal educational discoveries and lifelong. 2(7), 5-18
Ogunode, N. J, Ohunene, L. A, & Olatunde-Aiyedun, T,. G. (2022). A Review of Factors Responsible for High Rate of Financial Corruption in Public Universities in Nigeria. Central Asian Journal of Social Sciences and History, 03 (07), 31-44
Ogunode, N., Onyekachi, C. M., & Ayoko, V. O (2023) Investment in University Education in Nigeria: Obstacles and Possible Solutions. Journal of Education, Ethics and Value, 2(1), 1-9.
Ogunode, N,. J. Ezema, O. & Olugbenga, A,. V. (2023). Problems Faced by Academic Leaders in Public Higher Institutions in Nigeria. Spanish Journal of Innovation and Integrity (6),214- 224
Ogunode, N. J. & Emmanuel, D. (2023). Human Resource Management in University System in Nigeria: Barriers and Possible Solutions. Journal of Innovations in Social Sciences, 3(3), 1-13.
Ogunode, N. J & Garba, A. D (2023) Impact of Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS) on Federal Universities‟ Administration in Nigeria. European Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement, 1(2), 1-13.
Ogbondah, L. (2010) Adequate funding of public universities in Nigeria for sustainable development,
Ogunruku, A. O. (2016) Leadership and governance in higher education-challenges and
prospects of developing the next generation of university leaders, academics and
researchers, the management models. Retrieved from:
file:///C:/Users/Dr.%20Prince%20Ololube/Downloads/ayoogunrukuleadership%20and
%20governance.pdf
Ojudu, B. (2012). Leadership and the Challenges of Higher Education in Nigeria. Being the
Fifth Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities, Federal University of
Agriculture, Abeokuta (SSANU FUNAAB) Distinguished Lecture on 31st of October
2012. Retrieved from:https://www.nigerianmuse.com/20121031152131zg/nmprojects/
higher-education-in-nigeria/leadership-and-the-challenges-of-higher-education-
nigeria-by-senator-babafemiojudu/
Okoroma, N. (2006). Educational Policies and Problems of Implementation in Nigeria Article
in Australian Journal of Adult Learning ·Retrieved from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234652129
Okoli, N. J, Ogbondah, L & Ewor, R. N. (2016) The History and Development of Public Universities in Nigeria Since 1914. International Journal of Education and Evaluation, (2)61-63.
Okpata, F. O., & Udofia, A. N. (2016). Policy somersault: Implications for the Nigerian
economy. International Journal of Social Sciences. 10(2). Retrieved from:
http://socialscienceuniuyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Fidelis-O.-Okpata-and-
Anieti-N.-Udofia.pdf.
Oluremi. O, F. & Oyewole, B. K. (2014). Quality Assurance in Nigerian University Education: The Role of the National Universities Commission (NUC) as a Regulatory Body. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 5(4), 160-169
Otonko, J. (2012) University Education in Nigeria: History, Successes, Failures and the Way Forward. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE), 1(2), 44- 48
Punch (2022). Employment embargo: Shortage of professors hits federal varsities. https://punchng.com/employment-embargo-shortage-of-professors-hits-federal-varsities/ .retrieved on 12-9-2022
Punch (2021) Many Nigerian graduates cannot defend certificates – Afe Babalola https://punchng.com/many-nigerian-graduates-cannot-defend-certificates-are- babalola/
Premium Times (2020) More than half of Nigeria's education budget lost to corruption https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/330104-more-than-half-of-nigerias- education-budget-lost-to-corruption-transparency-international.html
Udida, L. A. , Bassey, U. U. & Udofia, I. U. (2009). System Performance and Sustainability of Higher Education in Nigeria. Paper Presented at the 11th International Conference of Educational Management Association of South Africa (EMASA)
UNESCO, (2014). Teaching and Learning: Achieving Quality for All, 11th EFA Global Monitoring Report. UNESCO Press.
Victor, A.A. & Babatunde, E.G. (2014). Motivation and effective performance of academic staff in Higher Education (Case Study of Adekunle Ajasin University, Ondo State, Nigeria). Online Submission, 1(2), 157-163. 36.
Waheed, A (2023). ASUU Laments Exodus of Lecturers from Public Varsities https://leadership.ng/asuu-laments-exodus-of-lecturers-from-public-varsities/?utm_source021
Authors
John Wajim, & Simon Omoregie Ajayi. (2024). Leadership Challenges in Tertiary Education in Nigeria and the Way Forward. American Journal of Political Science and Leadership Studies, 1(2), 1–8. Retrieved from https://semantjournals.org/index.php/AJPSLS/article/view/66
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