Electric and Electronic Systems for Traction

Abstract

The transition from conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric and hybrid alternatives is a pivotal step toward achieving global sustainability and reducing vehicular emissions. This document explores the motivations, technical foundations, and challenges associated with electric powertrains. It delves into the roles of electric machines (EM), battery storage technologies, and various hybrid architectures, such as series and parallel configurations, including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). While electric motors provide high efficiency, zero local emissions, and favorable torque characteristics for traction, battery limitations—especially in terms of energy density, cost, and charging time—remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Hybrid configurations aim to balance the strengths of electric and ICE systems to improve performance and fuel economy. The study concludes by assessing the current viability of electric powertrains and the areas requiring further research and development.