Employee Morale as an Interactive Variable between Inclusive Behaviors in the Workplace and Organizational Flourishing -An Analytical Study in the Najaf Education Directorate
Keywords:
Inclusive behaviors, Organizational Flourishing, employee morale, Najaf Education DirectorateAbstract
The research aimed to find the "relationship between" the independent variable, Inclusive behaviors, with its dimensions (Inclusive practices, Inclusive climate, Inclusive leadership), and the dependent variable, Organizational Flourishing, with its dimensions (strategic agility, intellectual capital, infrastructure), mediated by the variable, employee morale, with its dimensions (belonging, open communication, appreciation and rewards, training and development). The research problem was represented by the following question: (What is the "relationship between" Inclusive behaviors and Organizational Flourishing, mediated by employee morale) for a sample of employees of the Directorate of Education / Najaf. The importance of the research was demonstrated through the results reached by the research in light of the analysis and processing of the opinions of the sample, represented by 164 respondents from the community, which amounted to 277 employees, using a questionnaire prepared according to the five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistical methods were used, including the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, as well as analytical statistical methods such as linear regression and correlation coefficient, using SPSS. Program. (AMOS), The results revealed that employee morale plays a strong and crucial interactive role in strengthening the relationship between" inclusive behaviors and Organizational Flourishing. When employee morale is high, the positive impact of inclusive behaviors on Organizational Flourishing is significantly multiplied. The most important recommendation was for leaders and supervisors to establish a culture of inclusion by actively engaging all employees in decision-making processes and discussing work issues, ensuring that all opinions and experiences are heard and valued.
References
A’yuninnisa, R. N., Carminati, L., & Wilderom, C. P. (2024). Job flourishing research: A systematic literature review. Current Psychology, 43(5), 4482-4504.
Akadiri O. P. (2011), Development of Multi-Criteria Approach for the Selection of: Wolver Hampton, U.K.
Apelehin, A. A., Imohiosen, C. E., Ajuluchukwu, P., Abutu, D. E., & Ann, C. (2025). Transforming organizational and educational cultures: Developing global leadership and building inclusive workplaces through innovative HR and educational practices. world (Abulibdeh et al., 2024; Okafor et al., 2024), 1, 4.
Azizi, N. U., Momin, A., Hussain, A. K., Shahzad, K., & Khan, A. (2025). Exploring the Devastating Impact of Workplace Bullying on Employee Morale and Efficiency. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies, 3(1), 721-733.
Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). Positive organizational behavior: Engaged employees in flourishing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 29(2), 147-154.
Buse, K., Bernstein, R. S., & Bilimoria, D. (2016). The influence of board diversity, board diversity policies and practices, and board inclusion behaviors on nonprofit governance practices. Journal of Business Ethics, 133, 179-191.
Chukuigwe, N. (2022). RECOGNITION AND EMPLOYEE MORALE IN ORGANISATIONS. BW Academic Journal, 7-7.
Ellera, L., Jamali, D. R., & Caldwell, C. (2023). "Quiet Quitting" and "Quiet Thriving"–Flourishing in the Modern Organization. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 16(2), 8.
Frischmann, B. M. (2017). Capabilities, Spillovers, and Intellectual Progress: Toward a human flourishing theory for intellectual property. Rev.. Econ. Rsch. on Copyright Issues, 14, 1.
Giri, M., & Pathak, S. (2025). Harnessing Wisdom and Happiness Through Character-Strengths in Organizations: Building Flourishing Workplaces for Sustainable Success. In Harnessing Happiness and Wisdom for Organizational Well-Being (pp. 295-326). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
Griffith, J. A., Baur, J. E., & Buckley, M. R. (2019). Creating Inclusive leadership pipelines: Applying the real options approach to organizational leadership development. Human Resource Management Review, 29(3), 305-315.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017) "A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)", 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, p.289.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017) "A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)", 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, p.289.
Hair, Jr. J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010).
Ji, A., Liu, H., Qiu, H. J., & Lin, H. (2015). Data envelopment analysis with interactive variables. Management Decision, 53(10), 2390-2406.
Kleynhans, D. J., Heyns, M. M., & Stander, M. W. (2022). Authentic leadership and flourishing: Do trust in the organization and organizational support matter during times of uncertainty?. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 955300.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610.
Lengnick-Hall, R. D. (2013). An inclusive public sector workplace
Mees, H. L. (2022). Why do citizens engage in climate action? A Inclusive framework of individual conditions and a proposed research approach. Environmental Policy and Governance, 32(3), 167-178.
Mercado, J. A. (Ed.). (2018). Personal flourishing in organizations. Springer International Publishing.
Metzler, C. W., Biglan, A., Rusby, J. C., & Sprague, J. R. (2001). Evaluation of a Inclusive behavior management program to improve school-wide positive behavior support. Education and treatment of Children, 448-479.
Nalini, D. R. R. (2024). The Role Of Employee Engagement In The "relationship between" Staff Morale And Employee Well-being Of Education.
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill
Ogunmakin, A. A., & Sunday, O. A. (2023). Effect of financial incentives on employee morale and motivation of small and medium scale enterprises in Ekiti State. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 13(6), 465-484.
Okunade, J. K. (2025). Exploring the Impact of Effective Internal Communication Strategies on Employee Morale, Productivity, and Organizational Culture. Lakhomi Journal Scientific Journal of Culture, 6(1), 1-11.
Patmawati, P., Arisinta, O., & Ulum, R. (2024). The Effect of Leadership Style and Working Hours on Employee Morale. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(1), 205-218.
Santi, M., & Ghedin, E. (2014). Commitment towards inclusion repertoire: a tool for flourishing communities. Revista Interacções, 10(33).
Schooling, J., Enzer, M., & Broo, D. G. (2021). Flourishing systems: Re-envisioning infrastructure as a platform for human flourishing. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Smart Infrastructure and Construction, 173(1), 166-174.
Shamout, M. D., Elayan, M. B. H., Hamouche, S., Rawashdeh, A. M., & Elrehail, H. (2022). Impact of technostress on withdrawal behavior and workplace flourishing: do contextual variables matter?. Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ), 35(1), 1-17.
Singh, A. (2023). Impact of training and development as a vital instrument for boosting morale and productivity among young employees. International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research, 2(4), 11-17.
Siperstein, G. N., Ballard, S. C., Jacobs, H. E., Rodriquez, J., & Shriver, T. P. (2022). "A Place for Everybody": Students' Perspectives on Inclusive Behavior in School. Educational Researcher, 51(6), 387-398.
Slil, E., Iyiola, K., Alzubi, A., & Aljuhmani, H. Y. (2025). Impact of Safety Leadership and Employee Morale on Safety Performance: The Moderating Role of Harmonious Safety Passion. Buildings, 15(2), 186.
Yasmeen, K., Nazir, A., & Imran, H. (2024). Building Resilience, Practicing Mindfulness, and Cultivating Emotional Agility for Enhanced Well-Being and Positive Relationships in Challenging Times. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(2), 842-851.
